The biotechnology of cannabis sativa full text april, 2009 7. Thus far, cannabis biotech has developed a number of products that utilize alternative delivery methods. Ailments that the company has studied include hiv, cancer, glaucoma and neurological disorders. The biotechnology of cannabis sativa full text april. Whether its consumed in edibles, smoked in a joint, pipe or bong, vaporized or made into hash, shatter or concentrate many people can testify to the healing, calming and restorative powers of pot. This plant has been of interest to researchers, general public and media not only due to its medicinal properties but also the controversy surrounding its illicit use. Different strains of cannabis have different and unique smells and are believed to work with or against the cannabinoids i. Behavioral and biochemical effects of cannabis sativa and their modulation by antidepressant drugs rev. Many of these cannabis aromatic smells come from small molecules known as terpenes terpenoids. Cannabis is one of the oldest crops known to mankind, with records of its cultivation dating back thousands of years. This includes, screening of high yielding genotypes based on their chemical profile, propagation of these genotypes using biotechnological tools, comparison of micropropagated plants with the mother plants for.
Microclone cannabis tissue culture and biotechnology. Oct 16, 2017 indica and sativa are the two main types of cannabis. It has been used in religious rituals, medical practices, and simple pleasures. In many locations, the plant genus cannabis has become synonymous with the recreational drug marijuana. As with other herbal drugs, there are numerous biologically active compounds contained in marijuana but delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinl thc is the major psychoactive compound and the one most studied. Botany and biotechnology kindle edition by chandra, suman, lata, hemant, elsohly, mahmoud a download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Each has its own unique effects and a distinctive high. The easiest way to determine the difference between sativa and indica cannabis strains or marijuana plants is to look for the shape of the leaves. Currently, about 110 phytocannabinoids have been isolated from c. Microclone cannabis tissue culture and biotechnology posts.
Cannabinoids, consiting of alkylresorcinol and monoterpene groups, are the unique secondary metabolites that are found only in cannabis sativa. Today most scientists believe that the species is cannabis, part of the. If there are topics youd like to see me collect let me know in the comments. Zwenger april, 2009 stem callus 7 transgenic cannabis rooting this book is dedicated to the future of humankind. The word dagga is a dutch pronunciation of the hottentot word, dachah. Contenidos articulos cannabis sativa 1 cannabis sativa subsp. As a plant, it has fallen into two groups indica and sativa. Thc, cbd, cbga to afford unique physiological effects. Botany and biotechnology this book highlights current cannabis research. Pdf the biotechnology of cannabis sativa 2 nd edition. While herbal cannabis or marijuana consists of dried plant parts, the main ingredient in cannabis resin or hashish is the resin secreted by the glandular hairs found all over the plant but mainly around the flowers. Cannabis sativa is composed of different chemical constituents.
The key differences between sativa and indica cannabis strains. And, to capture the best of both groups, farmers and cultivators have bred hybrids over time. It has been cultivated throughout the world and history for use as a food, fuel source, nutritional supplement, body care product, source of paper. While herbal cannabis or marijuana consists of dried plant parts, the main ingredient in cannabis resin or hashish is the resin secreted by the glandular hairs found all. Cannabis can be grown in virtually any country, and is increasingly cultivated indoors in technically advanced countries.
Cannabis biotech conducts research to develop innovative cannabinoid products and therapies for the treatment of diseases and their symptoms. Cannabis sativa cannabis indica theres a fair amount of confusion surrounding the botany of cannabis even among botanists. Selective breeding has produced cannabis plants for specific uses, including highpotency marijuana strains and hemp cultivars for fiber and seed production. The term marijuana is thought to be based on the portuguese word mariguango. The males, which are generally taller than the females. Cannabis is undoubtedly an herb that has been many things to many people. Cannabis sativa cannabis is among the earliest plants cultivated by man. Armies and navies have used it to make war, men and women to make love. While cannabis plants are grown and used for food, fiber, fuel, medicine, and shelter brown 1998a, guy 2004 in different areas of the world, primary cultivation, especially in the united states, is for the psychoactive chemical constituents known as cannabinoids. The plants shownhere are cannabis spontaneously along a watercourse a in the northeastern state of megalaya in india. Cannabis resin hashish is produced in about 65 coun tries, with main sources being north africa and countries. Sam zwenger, the author of the pdf i linked even goes on to document actual transgenic gfp green fluorescent protein cannabis. The molecular biology underlying cannabinoid biosynthesis and other traits of.
Roots 4 have cytotoxic, antiinflammatory, antineoplastic, cardiovascular and mild analgesic activity and the lignans to have insecticidal effects. But at the end of the day, all marijuana companies rely on one thing the living, breathing cannabis sativa plant. Elsohly 2014 micropropagation of cannabis sativa in biotechnology of cannabis sativa, 2 nd edition by sam r. Cannabaceae is an important medicinal plant that serves as a source of cannabinoids, a unique class of terpenophenolic compounds which accumulates mainly in the glandular trichomes of the plant. Characterization of medicinal properties of cannabis. Complete taxonomic classification within the genus cannabis remains under considerable dispute. The role of biotechnology in cannabis sativa propagation. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading cannabis sativa l. Sativas were the original cannabis strains discovered in europe, and. At the bottom of this post youll find past collections of free ebooks that i have compiled for rfreeebooks. Medical utility of cannabis sativa marijuana cannabis sativa is a plant whose utility has been under estimated and thus abandoned. Jun 20, 2009 the biotechnology of cannabis sativa its a free discourse on the ways biotechnology genetic engineering may be applied to increase cannabis potency and to possibly create a whole mess of novel structural phenotypes.
The draft genome and transcriptome of cannabis sativa. The number of species within the genus is disputed. Cannabis is a fascinating plant composed of a variety of compounds that affect the human body in a number of ways. This chapter describes the role of biotechnology and our efforts to propagate c.
Modern western scientific literature ignores their contribution on the subject. In the last decade most botanists would add the recently defined c. Biotechnology companies are looking to capitalize on the anticipated growth of the cannabisderived pharmaceutical market by leveraging the mounting data on. The first evidence of the use of cannabis was found in china, where archeological and historical findings indicate that that plant was cultivated for fibers since 4. Cannabis is finally catching up with all of the other popular plants of the world. Cannabis sativa has been utilized for millennia, primarily as a source of a stem fiber both the plant and the fiber termed hemp and a resinous intoxicant the plant and its drug. Introduction to the multipurpose plant cannabis throughout the ages, cannabis has been extolled as one of mans greatest benefactors and cursed as one of his greatest scourges. The role of biotechnology in cannabis sativa propagation for. Sativa cannabis strain is grown towards the equator,i. The line between cannabis indica and cannabis sativa was originally drawn taxonomically using carl linnaeuss naming system. The chemical constituents of cannabis represent almost all of the chemical classes, for example, hydrocarbons, sugars, terpenes, steroids, flavonoids, nitrogenous compounds and amino acids. Cannabis is said to come from the greek word, kannabis, the arabic word, kannabi, or the persian word, kannab. Cannabis naturally colonizes open streamside habitats with ample sunlight, water, nutrients, and air movement. The biotechnology of cannabis sativa full text sam r.
Production of herbal cannabis marihuana is widely dispersed, existing in almost every country in the world. Aug 14, 2017 this book highlights current cannabis research. The mad rush for green continues to reach ever greater heights as states lift decadeslong bans on marijuana. Legally and scientifically, we cannot identify the difference between sativa and indica cannabis strains because all the plants are considered as cannabis sativa however, in practice, there are many differences between both the cannabis strains. Cannabis sativa has been cultivated throughout human history as a source of fiber, oil and food, and for its medicinal and intoxicating properties. Cannabis sativa, cannabis indica, and cannabis ruderalis. Arab scientists were several centuries ahead of our current knowledge of the curative power of hemp cannabis sativa l. Psychoactive substances used for religious rituals, medicine, recreation controversy about whether cannabis indica exists as a separate subspecies. The terms indica and sativa are broad categories that help in an indication of a specific strain of cannabis. Oct 14, 2016 the line between cannabis indica and cannabis sativa was originally drawn taxonomically using carl linnaeuss naming system. The molecular biology underlying cannabinoid biosynthesis and other traits of interest is. This fastgrowing plant has recently seen a resurgence of interest because of its multipurpose applications.
Characterization of medicinal properties of cannabis sativa l. Cannabaceae is one of the oldest sources of fiber, food and medicine. The key differences between sativa and indica cannabis. Biotechnology companies are looking to capitalize on the anticipated growth of the cannabis derived pharmaceutical market by leveraging the mounting data on the therapeutic effect of cannabis. It is the purported negative aspect of this commercial crop that has been expounded thereby leading to its ostracization to the detriment of its values to. Hartsel, joshua eades, brian hickory and alexandros makriyannis introduction cannabis sativa is a remarkable plant containing many valuable natural components. Microscopical and chemical study of cannabis sativa. Cannabis will deteriorate in about two years if exposed to light, air or heat. Today, it is widely accepted that marijuana has two main species. And like all things both lucrative and living, the world of biotechnology has already jumped right in and worked to optimize the biological output of these plants. Cannabis sativa, cannabinoid, tetrahydrocannabinol, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase, biosynthesis, glandular trichome and biotechnology. It is for these reasons that i believe that the application of modern biotechnology to cannabis will be done a way that is harmonious with both nature and ourselves. This vernacular name indicates the long use of this plant in southern africa.
Feral cannabis is highly adaptableand can grow and reproduce in a wide variety of temperate habitats, even under. Cannabis sativa, cannabaceae, thca, cbda, cuttings bull. Uses, benefits and side effects of cannabis indica, sativa. Humulus, celtis, related to the urticaceae nettles and moraceae mulberry, fig families annual growth habit mostly dioecious some fiber cultivars are monoecious staminate plants are 1015% taller 0. In 1980, 423 natural compounds were identified in cannabis sativa, 483 in 1995 and 489 in 2005. Quimby 1974 claim that all cannabis plants grown for fiber or resin or other purposes belong to the species c. Until the 1960s, botanists considered that there was only one species of cannabis c. Cannabis sativa marijuana, weed, ganja is the illicit substance most frequently used by pregnant women muhuri and gfroerer, 2009. Recommended methods for the identification and analysis of. Cannabis sativa, also known as marijuana, is a plant grown all over the world, and has been in use for more than 10,000 years ago, during the stoneage. A unique plant source of 3 important types of products 1.
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